假设新建用户livia一、修改4个系统账号配置文件必发生无论是否带 - m 参数1. /etc/passwd新增一行用户基础信息livia:x:1002:1002::/home/livia:/bin/bash用户名占位密码UID:GID: 注释家目录登录 Shell2. /etc/shadow新增用户密码条目默认密码字段为或者版本区别代表账号锁定需passwd设置密码才能登陆livia:!:20651:0:99999:7:::3. /etc/group自动创建与用户名同名的私有主用户组添加一条组记录livia:x:1002:4. /etc/gshadow同步新增私有组对应的组密码配置条目二、创建目录与文件仅执行useradd -m 用户名才会生成1. /home/用户名用户家目录自动创建专属家目录权限默认700仅自身可访问[rootR-docker ~]# cd /home[rootR-docker home]# ll | grep liviadrwx------ 3 livia livia 111 Jul 16 19:59 livia2. /etc/skel/* 模版复制到家目录将/etc/skel下所有隐藏环境文件复制到新家目录.bashrc、.bash_profile、.bash_logout等登录环境配置文件初始化用户终端环境.bash_profile用户每次登录时执行 ---》执行加载.bashrc脚本.bashrc每次进入新的Bash环境时执行 ---/etc/bashrc.bash_logout用户每次退出登录时执行的命令存放的文件3. /var/spool/mail/用户名生成空白邮件文件用于接收系统邮件配套邮件服务使用三、手动新建一个用户 -- 示例baby1./etc/passwd添加信息[rootR-docker home]#vim /etc/passwdbabi:x:2002:2002:princess:/home/babi:/bin/bash2./etc/shadow[rootR-docker home]#vim /etc/shadowbabi:!:20652:0:99999:7:::3./etc/group[rootR-docker home]#vim /etc/groupbabi:x:2002:4. /etc/gshadow[rootR-docker home]# vim /etc/gshadowbabi:!::5.邮箱[rootR-docker home]# cd /var/spool/mail[rootR-docker mail]# touch babi[rootR-docker mail]# chown babi:mail babi6.新建家目录[rootR-docker mail]# mkdir /home/babi[rootR-docker mail]# cd /home[rootR-docker home]# chmod 700 /home/babi[rootR-docker home]# chown babi:babi /home/babi7.切换用户登录验证[rootR-docker home]# su - babi[babiR-docker ~]$ ls[babiR-docker ~]$ mkdir princess[babiR-docker ~]$ lsprincess[babiR-docker ~]$ lltotal 0drwxr-xr-x 2 babi babi 6 Jul 18 22:48 princess[babiR-docker ~]$ iduid2002(babi) gid2002(babi) groups2002(babi)8.从/etc/skel目录下拷贝bash的配置文件[babiR-docker ~]$ cd ~babi[babiR-docker ~]$ cp /etc/skel/.bash* .[babiR-docker ~]$ ls -a. .. .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc princess[babiR-docker ~]$ ll -atotal 12drwx------ 3 babi babi 78 Jul 18 22:50 .drwxr-xr-x. 16 root root 207 Jul 18 22:46 ..-rw-r--r-- 1 babi babi 18 Jul 18 22:50 .bash_logout-rw-r--r-- 1 babi babi 144 Jul 18 22:50 .bash_profile-rw-r--r-- 1 babi babi 522 Jul 18 22:50 .bashrcdrwxr-xr-x 2 babi babi 6 Jul 18 22:48 princess